Speed of PCR Research Publications

Fastest Cycle Time (s)
[Template] (copies/µL)
Template
Total [Primers] (nM)
Polymerase (U/µL)
[Polymerase] (nM)
Product Length (bp)
Method
No Template Control?
Yield
Comment
Year
Author
20
1,600
Human DNA
1000
0.08 U/ul Taq
3
536
Capillary Air Cycling
No
Faint Gel Band
Increases w/ [Polymerase]
1990
Wittwer et al.
12
40,000
Lambda phage
400
0.2U/ul Taq
7.5
500
IR Heating, Pressurized Air Cooling
No
Capillary Electrophoresis
?
2001
Giordano et al.
12
1,000,000
230 bp PCR product
1000
0.5 U/ul Taq
19
230
Continuous Flow
Yes
Good gel band
Dependent on cycle# and copy #
2003
Obeid et al.
9.25
4,700 - 470,000
18S rDNA (human genomic)
1800
Taq Gold
?
187
IR Heating of droplets in oil
No
?
?
2009
Kim et al.
9
18,000,000
Lamba phage
2000
0.025 U/ul Taq
0.94
500
Continuous Flow with a Ferrous Particle Plug
No
OK gel band
Intensity increases with cycle time
2007
Sun et al.
8.5
?
cDNA
1800
?
?
82
Micromachined cantilever
?
80% efficiency
Decreasing efficiency at faster cycles
2006
Neuzil et al.
7
10,000,000
1 KB PCR product
2000
0.25 U/ul Taq
9.4
176
Continuous Flow
Yes
7% of control
50% at 15s cycles
1998
Kopp et al.
6.3
10,000
Plasmids (B. anthracis)
1200
0.05 U/ul Ex Taq HS
?
134
Plug Continuous Flow
Yes
55% of control
?
2011
Fuchikwaki et al.
5.2
180,000,000
Lambda phage
400
0.07 U/ul Taq
2.6
500 / 997
Continuous Flow
No
Faint gel bands
Dependent on cycle times
2004
Hashimoto et al.
5.25
1,400,000
B. subtilis (bacterial DNA)
500
0.025 U/ul KOD plus
?
72
Water pumped against aluminum plate
Yes
90% efficiency (SYBR)
Single run
2010
Terazona et al.
4.6
34,000
E. herbicola (bacterial DNA)
800
0.04 U/ul KAPA2G
4
58 / 160
Water pumped through porous copper
No
Faint gel bands
Yield increases with # cycles
2004
Wheeler et al.
4.2
50
B. subtilis (bacterial DNA)
?
KOD plus
?
72
IR laser
?
Cq= 33 (SYBR)
Higher copy # reduces Cq
2008
Terazono et al.
3.0
10,000
Plasmids (B. anthracis)
1200
0.05 U/ul Ex Taq HS
?
134
Constant flow with vapor pressure
Yes (5% signal)
15% of control
80% at 7.5 s cycles
2011
Fuchiwaki et al.
2.7
?
stx phage (E. coli)
?
KOD
?
85
Gallium transfer from Peltiers to capillaries
No
Barely visible band
Decreasing yield from 3.06 s to 2.69 s cycles
2010
Maltezos et al.
2.6
?
stx phage (E. coli)
?
0.5 U/ul Taq
19
85
Pressuried gas and capillaries
No
Very dim band
2.6 s cycles
2004
Whitney
0.42
1500
Human Genomic DNA
20,000
5 U/ul KLenTaq
8000
60
Capillaries in water with motor
Yes
>90% efficiency
10X greater than control
2015
Farrar and Wittwer